*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * SST_SSS_DIFF_xy_JUL_yr2080-2070_Indo.ps Six figs of SST and SSS are put together in this file: (a) SST_NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps (b) SST_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080_Indo.eps (c) SST_Diff_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080-NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps and (d) SSS_NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps (e) SSS_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080_Indo.eps (f) SSS_Diff_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080-NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps (a), (b), (c): SST increases in the entire Indian Ocean. In particular, the increases in the Arabian Sea along the coast lines of the Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa and the northwest coast in the Bay of Bengal reach as much as 6 deg C. (d), (e), (f): Inceases in SSS are found in the most region of the Arabian Sea and in the ocean south of 20S. SSS decreases are found the rest of the Indian Ocean. Particularly, the SST decrease reaches ~2 psu in the Bay of Bengal. *----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * CHL_PPPHY_DIFF_xy_yr2080-2070_Indo.ps Six figs of Nano and diatoms chlorophyl concentrations (NCHL and DCHL) and primary production of nanophytoplankton (PPPHY) and primary production of diatoms (PPPHY2) are put together in this file: (a) NCHL+DCHL_NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps (b) NCHL+DCHL_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080_Indo.eps (c) NCHL+DCHL_Diff_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080-NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps and (d) PPPHY+PPPHY2_NEMO_2007_Indo.eps (e) PPPHY+PPPHY2_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_2080_Indo.eps (f) PPPHY+PPPHY2_Diff_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_2080-NEMO_2007_Indo.eps (a), (b), (c): The chlorophyl concentrations (sum of NCHL and DCHL) in the top 30 m of the surface ocean become smaller in general, particurally in the Arabian Sea along the coast lines of the Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa, and around Sri Lanka. Weak increases occur in the southern ocean and in the Bay of Bengal. (d), (e), (f): Primary productions (sum of PPPHY and PPPHY2) in the top 30 m of the surface ocean decrease in the regions where the decrease of chlorophyl concentrations are observed. Increases are found along the northern and eastern coastal region of the Arabian Sea and in the most area in the Bay of Bengal. *----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * MLD_DpCO2_DIFFxy_yr2080-2070_Indo.ps Six figs of Mixed layer depth (MLD) and delta pCO2 (air-seawater, DpCO2) are put together in this file: (a) MLD_NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps (b) MLD_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080_Indo.eps (c) MLD_Diff_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_JUL2080-NEMO_JUL2007_Indo.eps and (d) DpCO2_NEMO_2007_Indo.eps (e) DpCO2_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_2080_Indo.eps (f) DpCO2_Diff_2XCO2_Scenario_2L23B_2080-NEMO_2007_Indo.eps (a), (b), (c): The MLD becomes shallower in general except in some patched regions along the coasts and in the wide area along 25S from 40E to 90E where the MLD is increases. The negative values in (d) and (e) indicate that the ocean is a source for atmospheric CO2, and the positive values indicate CO2 sinks. (f) indicates DpCO2 increases in a majority reagion of the Indian Ocean, especially in the Arabian Sea to become a weaker source for atmospheric CO2. In the ocean south of 15S the CO2 sink in the eastern region becomes enhanced while it appears to become weaker in the western region. *----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *IPCC_2007_fig3-2.eps Figure 3.2. adopted from IPCC (2007) showing surface warming for the SRES scenarios A2, A1B and B1. Left panel: Solid lines are multi-model global averages of surface warming (relative to 1980-1999) for the SRES scenarios A2, A1B and B1, shown as continuations of the 20th century simulations. The orange line is for the experiment where concentrations were held constant at year 2000 values. The bars in the middle of the figure indicate the best estimate (solid line within each bar) and the likely range assessed for the six SRES marker scenarios at 2090-2099 relative to 1980-1999. The assessment of the best estimate and likely ranges in the bars includes the Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) in the left part of the figure, as well as results from a hierarchy of independent models and observational constraints. Right panels: Projected surface temperature changes for the early and late 21st century relative to the period 1980-1999. The panels show the multi-AOGCM average projections for the A2 (top), A1B (middle) and B1 (bottom) SRES scenarios averaged over decades 2020-2029 (left) and 2090-2099 (right). *----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *ipcc_ddc_co2_scenarios.eps Figure 1 adopted from IPCC (2007) showing atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the SRES scenarios. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations as observed at Mauna Loa from 1958 to 2008 (black dashed line) and projected under the 6 SRES marker and illustrative scenarios. Two carbon cycle models (see Box 3.7 in IPCC, 2001) are used for each scenario: BERN (solid lines) and ISAM (dashed).